Development of a Process for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera for Pathogens and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Inhibition under Tropical Conditions

Developing countries are confronted with general issues of municipal wastewater management and treatment. Untreated faecal sludge from septic tanks traditional toilets often discharged into rivers used for urban agriculture without any treatment to minimize potential biorisks. Such practices result in environmental public health risks. In this study, a plant prototype coupled Moringa oleifera seeds was developed evaluate their effectiveness the reduction indicator bacteria antibiotic-resistant domestic wastewater. We demonstrated that proposed reduces by 99.34%. A high removal load obtained after addition waters, rates 36.6–78.8% E. coli, 28.3–84.6% coliform, 35.3–95.6% Vibrio cholera 32.1–92.4% total flora. similar effect noted bacteria, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, rate up 98% coli 100% 91.96% This study efficiency pathogens using seeds.